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HANS EYENCK FIVE-FACTOR
THEORY:
The theory consists of five
factor models of personality that can be studied separately to describe
human personality and the disorders there in. This is done by
asking a series of questions that will help determine how high or low a
person would score in each of the five factor models of
personality. The factor models are esxtroversion versus
introversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and
openness to experience. The big five has been used by a
variety of studies, including being used by Austrian army psychologists
to determine if one would be an ineffective or effective
leader. To understand the theory, one must first understand
the factor models of which it consists. EXTROVERSION VS.
INTROVERSION;
Extroverts are described as
being sociable, outgoing, talkative, assertive, persuasive, decisive
and active. Introverts, on the other hand, are described as
being withdrawn, quiet, passive, retirinmg, and
introspective. A question that might be asked to help
determine if someone was an introvert or an extravert might have
something to do with how talkative a person considers them self to
be. The more talkative the person considered their
self the higher their score. A higher score means
the person is more extraverted.
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NEUROTICISM:
This can be described as
emotional stability versus instability. Stability in this
category would be demonstrated by a person who is emotionally stable,
calm, even-tempered, easy-going and relaxed. Instability
would be represented by someone who experiences negative emotions, is
moody, irritable, nervous, and worried.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS;
To get a high score for conscientiousness, a person would be considered
dependable, organized, reliable, responsible, thorough, hard-working
and persevering. A low score in this section would mean that
the person was disorganized, undependable, impulsive, irresponsible,
negligent, lazy, and careless. To evaluate a person in this
category would be to ask them if when they started task did
they often see it through to the end. A "yes" would be a high
score and a "no" would be low.
AGREEABLENESS:
To evaluate a person's
agreeableness, one could ask them if they start quarrels with
others. An answer of "no" would give the person a high score
here. A high score in agreeableness means that a person is
pleasant, good-natured, warm sympathetic, and cooperative.
Low scores here would label them hostile, unfriendly , unpleasant
aggressive, argumentative, cold and vindictive.
OPENNESS TO NEW EXPERIENCE:
High scores would indicate
that a person was imaginative, intellectually curious, and
broad-minded. A low score here would be an example of a
concrete-minded, narrow interest, and practical person. To
determine ones level of openness, the person must be asked if they
consider them self to have an active imagination.
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NATURE, NURTURE AND PERSONALITY:
The big five is a tool that
was used in some studies to show the relationship, or lack there of,
between heredity and personality. I myself was curious if a
person was a certain way because that is how their body was programmed,
if we are all products of our environment, or perhaps a comtination of
both.
TWIN AND ADOPTION STUDIES:
The study
I found showed a strong correlation in the IQ scores of identical
twins. The study also showed that twins were similar in
several different personality factors, regardless if they were raised
together or separately. The study showed hat nurturance,
empathy, altruism, aggressiveness, and assertiveness are all heavily
influenced by heredity. The study also found that genetics
influenced extroversion and neuroticism more than any other factor
model in the big five.
The study conclusively showed
that heredity strongly influences personality. Adopted
children that, even though were not raised by their biological parents,
had more imilar personalities to them than their adoptive
parant. However, instead of people being a product of our
environment or genes completely controlling who a person becomes, the
study showed that it was mroe a combination of both. The
environment in which omeone grows up does shape them and change them,
but can only affect them as much as their genes will let
them.
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